Varela APAH

Art & Architecture

16th–early 19th cent.,

the artistic production of Spain's colonies in the New World. These works followed the historical development of styles previously established in Spain, but developed original features in different regions. The main centers were in Peru and Mexico, where there were skilled native artisans and relatively strong political organization. The style, with its unique mix of Spanish and indigenous elements, flourished until the last quarter of the 18th cent. when a current of neoclassicism invaded Latin America along with the official academies, and the great days of Spanish colonial architecture were over

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Trade: Gifts for Trading Land with White People is Jaune Quick-to-See Smith’s response to the quincentennial of the arrival of Columbus in the Americas, which she considered a non-celebration. The immense work is comprised of two sections with the lower part consisting of three panels that form a triptych, which is a large mixed media painting. The canvas was painted in many layers, some consisting of strong brushstrokes and paint drips reminiscent of the work of the Abstract Expressionists. Although the artist used white, green, and yellow paints, the predominant color of the work is red, which is suggestive of blood, war, and anger. Collaged into the work are newspaper clippings and stereotypical images of Native Americans found on photographs, comics, advertisements, labels from fruit cartons and wrappers for tobacco and gum as well as images of deer, buffalo, and Native American men in traditional regalia as a counterpoint. Applied to these materials are patches of red, green, yellow and white paint. The final layer consists of a large, empty canoe that appears to be mired in the paint. Unlike its historical counterparts, this trade canoe is immovable. All of these elements would have been powerful on their own, but Smith added an additional wallop. Above the mixed media panels she hung a chain and suspended from it a variety of inexpensive objects that illustrate how Native Americans have been stereotyped in American culture. Smith is suggesting that these items be traded back for the land that was taken by colonists from Native tribes who received worthless trinkets in exchange